{"id":67031,"date":"2019-03-21T08:00:12","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T07:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/?p=67031"},"modified":"2023-08-23T11:05:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T09:05:34","slug":"japan-tradition-saigo-takamori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/ja\/2019\/03\/japan-tradition-saigo-takamori\/","title":{"rendered":"Japan Tradition: Saig\u014d Takamori"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-01.jpg 750w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-01-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">photo credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/jpninfo.com\/61737\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jpninfo.com<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saig\u014d Takamori (1828-1877) \u00e8 ricordato sia per il suo importante ruolo nella Restaurazione Meiji che rovesci\u00f2 lo shogunato nel 1868 sia per la sua fallita ribellione contro il nuovo governo meno di un decennio dopo. Sebbene sia morto rinnegato, un perdono del governo ha riabilitato la sua reputazione. A 150 anni dalla restaurazione Meiji, i riflettori sono di nuovo sull&#8217;ultimo samurai.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&#8217;ascesa di Saig\u014d alla ribalta inizi\u00f2 nel 1854 quando fu reclutato da Shimazu Nariakira, il daimy\u014d del dominio Satsuma (ora prefettura di Kagoshima), per accompagnarlo nella capitale di Edo (ora Tokyo). Come funzionario di basso rango, Saig\u014d si era occupato di progetti di costruzione di ponti, e strade. Riusc\u00ec a catturare l&#8217;attenzione di Nariakira con una serie di memorandum sull&#8217;amministrazione agricola che sottopose al governo provinciale. Ufficialmente era impiegato a Edo come giardiniere, ma i suoi compiti andavano oltre le piante. Mentre si trovava nella capitale, Saig\u014d prese contatto con le principali personalit\u00e0 che si opponevano allo shogunato. Il lavoro all\u2019aperto offriva una comoda copertura per Nariakira e Saig\u014d per incontrarsi e parlare, evitando gli ostacoli che avrebbero affrontato a causa della loro ampia differenza di rango.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-02-690x460.jpg 690w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>photo credits: <a href=\"http:\/\/yabai.com\/p\/3413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yabai.com<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saig\u014d quickly built a network of loyalists from Mito (now Ibaraki Prefecture) and other domains. He won the trust of Nariakira with his simple and emotional nature, and over time the daimyo came to look for the opinions of the younger people. However, the situation began to change from 1857 when Abe Masahiro died. He elderly shogunate adviser who had helped ensure the succession of his close friend Nariakira as Satsuma daimyo. Nariakira himself died the following year and the power in Satsuma passed to his younger brother Shimazu Hisamitsu. Meanwhile, the conservative politician Naosuke had taken effective control of the shogunate, launching an important crackdown on the reformists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suffering from the loss of Nariakira and facing difficult political prospects, Saig\u014d was determined to follow his teacher to the grave but was persuaded by Gessho, the chief priest of a Kyoto temple, to flee with Satsuma. However, once there, they threw themselves into the sea in Kagoshima Bay and Gessho drowned, but Saig\u014d miraculously survived.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Over the next five years, Saig\u014d suffered periods of exile on the islands of Amami <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u014cshima<\/span> and Okinoerabujima. On Amami he was given some freedom and married a local woman. However, After a brief respite on his return from Amami, he was again exiled to an island after angering Hisamitsu. This period of imprisonment became an opportunity for serious reflection on his life and shaped his personality as a caring man of firm principles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iechika Yoshiki, Saig\u014d\u2019s biographer and researcher, argues that, unlike most people, he was not afraid of death. Having lost many people he loved and respected, including his parents, Nariakira and Gessho, he was not terrified of dying and saw it as a way to be reunited with his loved ones.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67026\" src=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-03-690x460.jpg 690w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>photo credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nippon.com\/en\/views\/b07204\/the-life-of-japan\u2019s-last-samurai-saigo-takamori.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nippon.com<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iechika says that Saig\u014d believed that heaven had spared his life for a reason and that he would live to complete his divine call. This philosophy is linked to his famous motto \u201ckeiten aijin\u201d, which means &#8220;Respect the sky and love people&#8221;. According to Saig\u014d, the questions of life and death were above human consideration and had to be left entirely to fate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1864 Saig\u014d reconciled with Hisamitsu and returned to the Kyoto political center as commander of the Satsuma army. After rejecting the anti-shogunate forces from the Ch\u014dsh\u016b domain (now Yamaguchi Prefecture) while attempting to enter the city, he was promoted to the rank of high officer. The event, known as the Hamaguri Gomon incident, was Saig\u014d&#8217;s first battle experience with an army. The same year, he became chief of staff of the shogunate army sent to punish Ch\u014dsh\u016b. In 1866, however, Satsuma and Ch\u014dsh\u016b entered an alliance mediated by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma. Saig\u014d took charge of the opposition forces that would eventually become soldiers of the new Meiji government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1864 Saig\u014d reconciled with Hisamitsu and returned to the Kyoto political center as commander of the Satsuma army. After rejecting the anti-shogunate forces from the Ch\u014dsh\u016b domain (now Yamaguchi Prefecture) while attempting to enter the city, he was promoted to the rank of high officer. The event, known as the Hamaguri Gomon incident, was Saig\u014d&#8217;s first battle experience with an army. The same year, he became chief of staff of the shogunate army sent to punish Ch\u014dsh\u016b. In 1866, however, Satsuma and Ch\u014dsh\u016b entered an alliance mediated by Sakamoto Ry\u014dma. Saig\u014d took charge of the opposition forces that would eventually become soldiers of the new Meiji government.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In January 1868, the imperial loyalists led by Satsuma and Ch\u014dsh\u016b proclaimed the restoration of power from the shogun to the emperor. The resistance of the shogunate supporters triggered the Boshin war later in that month. Although the conflict dragged on until the following year, a key victory for the Meiji troops came with the surrendering of Edo Castle in the spring of 1868. With the city and nation in danger and fighting in Edo, Saig\u014d entered the stronghold of the shogunate with only a handful of followers, wanting to try negotiation. Surrounded by enemy soldiers, he faced the prospect of murder. The discussion and cooperation between Saig\u014d and the leader of the shogunate Katsu Kaish\u016b led to the peaceful delivery of the castle, as a &#8220;bloodless delivery&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67027\" src=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-04-690x460.jpg 690w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>photo credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nippon.com\/en\/views\/b07204\/the-life-of-japan\u2019s-last-samurai-saigo-takamori.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nippon.com<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In Japan, Saig\u014d Takamori, \u014ckubo Toshimichi and Kido Takayoshi are considered the three great figures of the Meiji Restoration. However, according to Iechika, Saig\u014d&#8217;s success at Edo Castle was something the other two members of the trio could never have achieved. He claims that without Saig\u014d, the Meiji Restoration would never have happened and that people today see the event favorably because of this. On the contrary, if the movement had caused a bloody civil war, it is likely that public sentiment would have been very different. Although Saig\u014d was not the astute politician that \u014ckubo was, he had a love and a spirit that the other could not match.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 1871 Saig\u014d joined the Meiji government and in 1873 he became an army general. However, he resigns a few later after losing a debate about his support for a military expedition to Korea. He returned to his home in the prefecture of Kagoshima, where he spent his time cultivating and hunting. However, In 1877, he was convinced to lead an army of dissatisfied Samurai in the Satsuma rebellion. Driven by government forces in the battles on Ky\u016bsh\u016b, the army reached the last position at Shiroyama in Kagoshima. Saig\u014d committed suicide after his soldiers were defeated. He was 49 years old.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saig\u014d is the likely inspiration for Katsumoto Moritsugu &#8211; played by Watanabe Ken in the 2003 film The Last Samurai. The film complains of the passage of bushid\u014d (the way of the Samurai) through Katsumoto, as noted by the Civil War veteran Tom Cruise, Nathan Algren (the character has no direct historical equivalent).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saigo&#8217;s association with traditional values in a modernized Japan is why he was called &#8220;the last Samurai&#8221;. Just 12 years after his failed rebellion, he was pardoned by the Meiji government and in 1898 a statue of Saig\u014d and his dog was erected in Tokyo&#8217;s Ueno Park. Almost a century and a half after his death, it remains a popular historical and cultural icon.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-67028\" src=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-05.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"991\" height=\"743\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-05.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-05-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-05-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/2019-mar21-japanhistory-saigotakamori-05-164x124.jpg 164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>photo credits: <a href=\"http:\/\/madmonarchist.blogspot.com\/2017\/11\/mm-movie-review-last-samurai.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">madmonarchist.blogspot.com<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saig\u014d Takamori (1828-1877) \u00e8 ricordato sia per il suo importante ruolo nella Restaurazione Meiji che rovesci\u00f2 lo shogunato nel 1868 sia per la sua fallita ribellione contro il nuovo governo meno di un decennio dopo. Sebbene sia morto rinnegato, un perdono del governo ha riabilitato la sua reputazione.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":67029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Saig\u014d Takamori is remembered both for his important role in the #Meiji Restoration and for his failed rebellion against the new government less than a decade later. Discover more on #Japan's last #samurai on today's blog! #JapanItalyBridge","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japan-tradition","category-japanese-culture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Japan Tradition: Saig\u014d Takamori - Japan Italy Bridge<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.japanitalybridge.com\/ja\/2019\/03\/japan-tradition-saigo-takamori\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Japan Tradition: Saig\u014d Takamori - Japan Italy Bridge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saig\u014d Takamori (1828-1877) \u00e8 ricordato sia per il suo importante ruolo nella Restaurazione Meiji che rovesci\u00f2 lo shogunato nel 1868 sia per la sua fallita ribellione contro il nuovo governo meno di un decennio dopo. 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